![]() ![]() The reference voltages for comparison are approximately 5.1V, 3.75V, 2.5V, and 1.25V.Īlso, there is another voltage divider circuit that we will use to compare the battery voltages to the voltages given by the voltage divider connected across Zener. There are 4 1k Resistance connected across it in series to the GND so approximately 1.25V drop will be there across every resistor which we will use for making comparisons with the battery voltage. In this circuit, D2 is a reference Zener Diode which is rated 5.1V 5W so it will regulate the output to 5.1V across it. For the sake of simplicity, we can divide the circuit into 2 different parts.įirst, we need to decide which voltage levels we want to measure in the circuit, and you can design your resistor based potential divider circuit accordingly. ![]() Now, let’s proceed with understanding the working of the circuit. Here Vcc and Ground are the terminals that have to be connected to 12V battery positive and negative respectively. If you do not like graphical circuits, you can check the below image for the schematics. I have used a 9V battery for illustration purpose in the image below, but assume it as a 12V battery. The complete circuit used in the 12V battery indicator can be found below. It can be powered by a single power supply over a wide voltage range of -3V to 32V which is more than enough for up to 24V battery level testing on this circuit.Ĭircuit Diagram for 12V Battery Level Indicator So, by employing four OPAMPs in a single IC, you will save space and complexity of the circuit. Generally, op-amps can perform mathematical operations and can be used in various configurations like Amplifier, voltage follower, comparator, etc. The operating temperature ranges from 0˚C to 70˚C at ambient whereas the maximum junction temperature can be up to 150˚C. The default input offset voltage is very low which is of magnitude 2mV. The differential input voltage range can be equal to that of the power supply voltage. LM324 is a Quad op-amp IC integrated with four op-amps powered by a common power supply. Let us jump right into it, Shall we? Components Required We will measure the voltage of the battery and compare it against the prespecified voltage using the LM324 IC and drive the LEDs to display the output we get. In this project, we will design and build a 12V battery level indicator with the help of a quad comparator OPAMP based IC LM324 which lets us use 4 OPAMP based comparators on a single chip. Previously we have also built an Arduino based battery level indicator and a Multiple Cell Voltage monitoring circuit, you can also check them out if you are interested. But in simple applications, we do not have the luxury of this method so we usually employ a simple Open Circuit Voltage based Battery Level Estimation method which works really well for Lead Acid 12V batteries as their discharge curve is almost linear from 13.8V to 10.1V, which usually are considered its upper and lower extreme limits. ![]() In this article, we will learn how to design a simple 12V battery charge level indicator using Op-Amp.Īlthough the Battery level is an ambiguous term because we can't really measure the charge left in the battery unless we employ complex calculations and measurements using a Battery Management System. We have already discussed more about batteries and how they work in our previous articles. ![]() which have higher energy storage capacity and high operating temperature range. With the advent of technology, we are seeing new batteries invented like Li-air Batteries, Solid State Lithium batteries, etc. There are many different types of batteries like Lead-Acid, Ni-Cd, Lithium-Ion, etc. Batteries, the world as we know it would not exist. It is safe to say without the invention of these electrochemical storage devices a.k.a. In the modern world, we use batteries in almost every electronic gadget from your handheld mobile phone, digital thermometer, smartwatch to Electric Vehicles, aeroplanes, satellites, and even Robotic Rovers used on Mars whose battery lasted around 700 sols (Martian days). ![]()
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